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Many of those towers still survive, though none are as daunting as the great stone stockade on Arran, off Ireland's west coast. |
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And they didn't just spring up around the edges of the British islands, all over the mainland, too. |
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The great hill forts of the Iron Age remain visible in terraced contours at places like Danebury and Maiden Castle. |
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Lofty seats of power for the tribal chiefs, they were defended by rings of earthworks, timber palisades and ramparts. |
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Behind those daunting walls, this was not a world in panicky retreat. |
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The Iron Age Britain into which the Romans eventually crashed with such alarming force was a dynamic, expanding society. |
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From their workshops came the spectacular metalwork with which the elite decorated their bodies. |
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Armlets, pins and brooches and ornamental shields like this, the so-called Battersea Shield. |
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Or the astonishing stylised bronze horses, endearingly melancholy in expression, like so many Eeyores resigned to a bad day in battle. |